Freight Forwarder: This term comes from the phrase freight forwarder and Forwarding agent.

FIATA definition: A person who procures the carriage of goods in accordance with the instructions of the customer and for the benefit of the customer, and is not itself a carrier.

Article 2 of the Provisions on the Administration of International Cargo Transport Agency of the People's Republic of China stipulates that the international cargo transport agency refers to the industry that accepts the entrustment of the consignee or consignor of import and export goods, and handles international cargo transport and related business for the consignor in the name of the consignor or in its own name, and receives remuneration for its services.

First, set the role of international freight forwarders

1. Organization and coordination

Assist the client in the organization of transportation activities, the specific contents include: transport routes, selection of modes of transportation and carriers, coordination of the relationship between cargo owners, carriers and their storage custodians, insurers, banks, port, airport, station, depot operators, customs (commodity inspection, health inspection, plant inspection), import and export control and other relevant departments;

2. Professional services

To provide services such as contracting, delivery, assembly, consolidation, unloading and delivery of goods; Handling insurance, customs, health inspection, plant testing, import and export control procedures; To pay and collect freight, advance taxes and government fees on behalf of the principal;

3. Communication control

Maintain effective communication between cargo transport stakeholders and between cargo transport stakeholders and other relevant enterprises and departments;

4. Consult a consultant

The international freight forwarder provides clear advice to the client, and assists the client in designing and selecting the appropriate treatment plan to reduce unnecessary risks and waste;

5. Reduce costs

You can choose the best transportation routes and methods of the goods, the appropriate storage custodians, loading and unloading operators and insurers, and get as fair and reasonable freight as possible. International freight forwarders can also benefit all relevant parties through the consolidation effect, thereby reducing the business costs of cargo carriers;

6. Financing

On behalf of the consignee, consignor to pay the relevant fees and taxes, in advance with the carrier, storage custodian, loading and unloading operators to settle the relevant costs, with credibility and strength to provide them with cost guarantees.

Ii. International freight forwarding business types

1. International rail transport

International railway through transport of goods (hereinafter referred to as "international railway through transport") refers to the use of a unified international railway through transport bill in the transport of goods across two or more national railways, the participating country railway is responsible for two or more national railway through the process of transport of goods, and the shipper pays the full transport costs. The organization of international railway transport without the participation of the consignee or consignor.

Characteristics of international railway combined transport

(1) It is a carriage of goods carried out in two or more countries;

(2) There are unified requirements for transport conditions, international railway transport requires that the transport conditions of each batch of goods should comply with the relevant inter-modal transport conventions and rules of the unified provisions;

3. Use a railway transport document to complete the cross-border transport of goods;

4. The border reloading operation does not require the participation of the cargo party, but is arranged by the railway party undertaking international railway combined transport.

2. International air transport

Air transport refers to the use of aircraft, helicopters and other aircraft to transport personnel, cargo, mail a mode of transport. Air transport of passengers, baggage, goods and mail originating, halfway and terminating at some point outside a country, mainly on international routes. International air routes are established through bilateral air transport agreements between governments.

Fast delivery speed

Modern jet transport aircraft typically fire at around 90 miles per hour, while Concorde could reach 1,350 miles per hour. The air route is not limited by ground conditions, can fly straight between two points, and the farther the distance, the faster the characteristics are more significant;

Safe and accurate

The air transport management system is relatively perfect, the damage rate of the goods is low, the transport quality can be guaranteed, and the flight time can be guaranteed to arrive on time;

Simple procedure

It provides the shipper with simple shipping procedures, and can also be picked up by the freight agent and handle all transportation procedures for it;

Perfect storage system

The air transport storage system is perfect, and the cargo damage and cargo difference are less, which can make up for the defects of high freight.

3. International maritime transport of goods

International maritime transport refers to the use of ships through sea lanes, a way of transporting goods between ports in different countries and regions. It is the most widely used mode of transportation in international logistics transportation, more than 80% of the total amount of international logistics transportation, and about 90% of China's import and export goods are completed by sea transportation. According to the different modes of operation of Marine transport vessels, Marine transport can be divided into liner transport and charter transport.

Essential elements of maritime transport

1. Ship

Ships are the main means of maritime transport, which are mainly divided into three categories, namely cargo ships, passenger ships and passenger and cargo ships. The main categories of cargo ships are general cargo, bulk carriers, refrigerated ships, wood materials, tankers, container ships, ro-ro ships and barge-carrying vessels.

2. Airline Routes

The shipping route mainly refers to the navigation road of maritime vessels. It is divided into regular routes and irregular routes according to time and port. According to the range of route waters, it can be divided into coastal routes, near-ocean routes and ocean routes.

3. Port

A port is a node that provides water links, acting as a transport channel or gateway for foreign trade via sea transport.

Iii. Management of manifest of inward and outward means of transport

Manifest of inward and outward means of transport

The manifest of the inward and outward means of transport, referred to as the manifest, is the carrier that reflects the information of the goods, articles and passengers carried by the inward and outward means of transport.

Manifest Type (1)

The manifest includes the original manifest, pre-furnished manifest, and cargo manifest.

Original manifest: refers to the manifest transmitted to the Customs by the carrier of manifest, which reflects the information of the goods, articles or passengers carried by the inbound means of transport; Pre-allocated manifest means a manifest reflecting the information of the goods, articles or passengers expected to be carried by the outbound means of transport; Cargo manifest: means the manifest reflecting the actual cargo and articles carried by the outbound means of transport or containing passenger information.

Manifest Type (2)

Electronic data related to manifests include packing list, arrival report and tally report.

Packing list: refers to a document reflecting the actual loading information of outbound goods and articles transported in containers before packing;

Arrival report: refers to the record of the actual arrival of goods and articles submitted to the Customs by the operator of the Customs supervision site when inbound and outbound goods and articles arrive at the customs supervision site, and the record of the actual arrival of goods and articles submitted to the Customs by the operator of the relevant site when inbound and outbound goods arrive at the customs clearance and mail sites of passengers;

Tally report: refers to the record of checking and confirming the actual loading and unloading of goods and articles carried in the inbound and outbound means of transport by the operator or tally department of the customs supervision operation site, the passenger customs clearance type and the mail type place.

Manifest transfer body

The person in charge of inbound and outbound means of transport, non-vessel carrier business operator, freight forwarding enterprise, ship agent enterprise, postal enterprise and express shipment operator and other manifests electronic data transmission obligors (hereinafter collectively referred to as "manifest carriers") shall transmit manifests electronic data to the Customs within the prescribed time limit in accordance with the scope of Customs records;

The shipper of export goods, the tallying department, the operator of the customs supervision site and other manifests related electronic data transmission obligors shall transfer manifests related electronic data to the Customs within the prescribed time limit.